A few quotes, theorems, and phenomenons that I find very interesting:

Keynesian beauty contest / Tactical voting

Block what you can, randomize what you cannot.1

Occam’s razor

Power law of practice

Law of the unconscious statistician (LOTUS)

Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

Birthday paradox / birthday problem

Simpson’s paradox

Inspection paradox

Monty Hall problem / Three Prisoners problem

Prisoner’s dilemma

Deterministic vs. Stochastic Models (i.e. Tractability vs. Validity)2

  1. Box, G.E.P., J.S. Hunter, and W.G. Hunter: Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery, 2nd edition, John Wiley (2005). 

  2. Rardin, R.L.: Optimization in Operations Research, 2nd edition, Pearson (2016).